$卡特兰数公式$

$$\begin{aligned} H(x)&=\frac{1- \sqrt{1-4x}}{2x}\\ &=\frac{1}{2x}\sum_{n\ge 1}\binom{2n-1}{n}\frac{1}{(2n-1)}2x^n\\ &=\sum_{n\ge 1}\binom{2n-1}{n}\frac{1}{(2n-1)}x^{n-1}\\ &=\sum_{n\ge 0}\binom{2n+1}{n+1}\frac{1}{(2n+1)}x^{n}\\ &=\sum_{n\ge 0}\binom{2n}{n}\frac{1}{n+1}x^{n}\\ \end{aligned} $$

#include <cassert>
#endif
#include <cctype>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cfloat>
#include <ciso646>
#include <climits>
#include <clocale>
#include <cmath>
#include <csetjmp>
#include <csignal>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <ccomplex>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <cstdalign>
#include <cstdbool>
#include <cstdint>
#include <ctgmath>
#include <cwchar>
#include <cwctype>
#endif
#include <algorithm>
#include <bitset>
#include <complex>
#include <deque>
#include <exception>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ios>
#include <iosfwd>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <numeric>
#include <ostream>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <utility>
#include <valarray>
#include <vector>
#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
#include <array>
#include <atomic>
#include <chrono>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <forward_list>
#include <future>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <mutex>
#include <random>
#include <ratio>
#include <regex>
#include <scoped_allocator>
#include <system_error>
#include <thread>
#include <tuple>
#include <typeindex>
#include <type_traits>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#endif //#include <bits/stdc++.h>中的源代码
#define str string
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define fast ios::sync_with_stdio(false)
#define readfast cin.tie(0)
#define wirtefast cout.tie(0)
#define fopen() freopen()

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